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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
Graphing the Wave Function01:13

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Consider the wave equation for a sinusoidal wave moving in the positive x-direction. The wave equation is a function of both position and time. From the wave equation, two different graphs can be plotted.
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...

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Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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Published on: May 30, 2014

Imaging the phase of an evolving bose-einstein condensate wave function

Simsarian1, Denschlag, Edwards

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 6, 2000
PubMed
Summary

We measured the quantum mechanical phase evolution in Bose-Einstein condensates using spatially resolved autocorrelation. The phase profile was observed to be quadratic after trap release, and interactions between wave packets were quantified.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Atomic physics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are quantum states of matter formed by cooling bosons to near absolute zero.
  • Understanding the quantum mechanical phase is crucial for describing BEC behavior and quantum phenomena.
  • Spatially resolved measurements provide detailed insights into the spatial properties of quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a spatially resolved autocorrelation measurement technique for Bose-Einstein condensates.
  • To investigate the spatial profile and evolution of the quantum mechanical phase in BECs.
  • To study the effects of inter-condensate interactions and measure momentum transfer.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized spatially resolved autocorrelation measurements.
  • Employed Bose-Einstein condensates released from magnetic traps.
  • Analyzed the spatial profile of the quantum mechanical phase.
  • Investigated overlapping condensate wave packets.

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured the evolution of the spatial profile of the quantum mechanical phase.
  • Observed a quadratic dependence of the phase on the spatial coordinate after trap release.
  • Revealed and quantified the effects of repulsive interactions between overlapping condensate wave packets.
  • Measured the momentum imparted between interacting wave packets.

Conclusions:

  • The developed technique allows for detailed characterization of quantum phase dynamics in BECs.
  • The observed quadratic phase profile provides insights into the dynamics of released condensates.
  • The study quantifies interaction effects and momentum transfer in overlapping BECs, advancing the understanding of quantum many-body systems.