Post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency following chest trauma: identification and prophylaxis

Post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency is a syndrome characterized by tachypnea, increasing respiratory effort, progressive pulmonary infiltrates and relentless progressive hypoxemia. Prophylaxis of this syndrome currently comprises adequate treatment and depends upon its early recognition by frequent monitoring of blood gases, chest radiograph, and determination of values of circulatory variables. Once the syndrome is recognized in its early stages, artificial ventilation, with the possible addition of positive end-expiratory pressure, meticulous fluid therapy properly monitored, and prevention of infection constitute the hallmark of treatment.