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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
Chromosome Replication02:31

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

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Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
17:14

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Published on: December 10, 2012

Temporal order in yeast chromosome replication.

W Burke, W L Fangman

    Cell
    |July 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NG) mutagenesis reveals temporal genome replication in yeast. Specific genes showed peak sensitivity to NG during distinct intervals of DNA synthesis, indicating ordered replication across the yeast genome.

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    Use of Time-Lapse Microscopy and Stage-Specific Nuclear Depletion of Proteins to Study Meiosis in S. cerevisiae
    07:48

    Use of Time-Lapse Microscopy and Stage-Specific Nuclear Depletion of Proteins to Study Meiosis in S. cerevisiae

    Published on: October 11, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Gene sensitivity to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NG) mutagenesis correlates with replication timing in bacteria.
    • Understanding genome replication order is crucial for eukaryotic cell biology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the temporal order of genome replication in the unicellular eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast).
    • To determine if specific genes replicate at predetermined times during the DNA synthesis period.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NG) as a mutagen to assess gene sensitivity.
    • Compared mutagenesis sensitivity in exponentially growing yeast cells versus cells with inhibited DNA synthesis.
    • Analyzed synchronized yeast cell populations to identify distinct intervals of maximum genetic marker sensitivity to NG.

    Main Results:

    • Yeast cells in exponential growth were more sensitive to NG mutagenesis than those with inhibited DNA synthesis.
    • Individual genetic markers in synchronized cells displayed maximum NG sensitivity during discrete intervals within the DNA synthesis period.
    • Markers for five genes across four chromosomes showed distinct sensitivity peaks, suggesting temporal replication ordering.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings indicate a temporal ordering of replication for most genes in the yeast genome.
    • Specific initiation sites for DNA replication likely exist in defined regions of yeast chromosomal DNA.
    • These replication initiation sites are activated at predetermined times during the DNA synthesis period.