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Noble Gases

Noble Gases

The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.

The Equilibrium Constant

The Equilibrium Constant

Consider the oxidation of sulfur dioxide:

Molecular Structure and Acidity

Molecular Structure and Acidity

An acid can be deprotonated to form a conjugate base or an anion. If the produced anion is more stable, then the acid is stronger. On the contrary, if the anion is unstable, then the acid is weaker. Hence, to determine the acidity of the compound, the stability of its conjugate base is studied using various factors.
The size effect explains the change in atomic size on acidity. When comparing the acids formed from elements that belong to the same column in the periodic table, their atomic sizes...

Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes

Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes

Introduction:
In nature, compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen are known as "hydrocarbons". Aliphatic hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecules contain saturated single bonds (i.e., alkanes) or unsaturated double or triple bonds. Alkenes contain carbon–carbon double bonds and have a structural formula CnH2n. Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon–carbon triple bonds are called "alkynes" and are structurally represented by the formula CnH2n-2.
The simplest alkyne is ethyne, or...

Acidity of 1-Alkynes

Acidity of 1-Alkynes

The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...

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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films

Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films

Published on: December 4, 2014

A stable argon compound

Khriachtchev¹, Pettersson, Runeberg

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland.

|September 6, 2000

Summary

Scientists have synthesized argon fluorohydride (HArF), the first stable compound of argon. This breakthrough confirms predictions that even lighter noble gases can form compounds, expanding chemical possibilities.

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Quantum Chemistry

Background:

Noble gases, traditionally considered inert, have shown reactivity with heavier elements like xenon and krypton forming compounds.
Lighter noble gases (neon, helium, argon) were the last to have no known stable compounds, posing a challenge in chemical research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential for forming stable compounds with lighter noble gases.
To synthesize and characterize a stable compound of argon.

Main Methods:

Photolysis of hydrogen fluoride in a solid argon matrix.
Identification of argon fluorohydride (HArF) using infrared spectroscopy.
Analysis of vibrational band shifts upon isotopic substitution.
Extensive ab initio computational calculations.

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Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Oligo-peptoids

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films

Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films

Published on: December 4, 2014

Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Oligo-peptoids

Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Oligo-peptoids

Published on: February 21, 2018

Characterizing Lewis Pairs Using Titration Coupled with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy

Characterizing Lewis Pairs Using Titration Coupled with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: February 20, 2020

Main Results:

Successful synthesis and identification of argon fluorohydride (HArF).
Spectroscopic evidence confirmed the formation of HArF.
Computational studies indicated intrinsic stability due to ionic and covalent bonding contributions.

Conclusions:

Argon fluorohydride (HArF) is a stable compound, marking a significant advancement in noble gas chemistry.
The findings support theoretical predictions of stable hydride species for lighter noble gases.
This opens new avenues for exploring the chemistry of previously unreactive elements.