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Related Experiment Videos

Autoimmunity and malaria: what are they doing together?

C T Daniel-Ribeiro1, G Zanini

  • 1Department of Immunology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, CEP 21.045-900 RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ribeiro@ioc.fiocruz.br

Acta Tropica
|September 7, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Autoantibodies (AAb) can protect against autoimmune diseases (AID) and malaria. While some AAb are pathogenic, natural AAb offer defense without causing autoimmunity, suggesting a safe protective role in malaria.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Autoimmunity is characterized by autoantibodies (AAb), which exist as pathogenic types linked to autoimmune diseases (AID) and natural AAb.
  • Natural AAb are found in healthy individuals and are thought to provide the body's initial defense mechanism.
  • Both pathogenic and natural AAb frequencies increase in individuals with infections, including viral, bacterial, and parasitic types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of malaria-associated autoantibodies (AAb) in the context of autoimmune diseases (AID).
  • To explore the potential protective mechanisms of AAb against malaria infection.
  • To determine if AAb-mediated protection against malaria carries a risk of inducing autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of malaria-associated AAb specificities and their relationship with clinical immunity.
  • Review of proposed mechanisms by which AAb could contribute to immune protection against malaria.
  • Evaluation of the pathogenic potential of AAb in the context of malaria and autoimmunity.

    • Main Results:

    • Malaria-associated AAb do not appear to stem from generalized polyclonal B-cell activation and exhibit specificities that vary with immunity.
    • These malaria-associated AAb are not considered pathogenic.
    • Malaria may confer protection against AID by reducing severity or delaying onset.

    Conclusions:

    • Autoantibodies (AAb) can play a role in protecting against malaria through various mechanisms, including targeting infected red blood cells and neutralizing parasite components.
    • The presence of AAb in malaria does not necessarily lead to immunopathology or clinical autoimmunity.
    • AAb can exert a protective role in malaria without posing a danger to the host, challenging the notion that autoimmunity-mediated protection is inherently harmful.