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Comparison of four methods for identifying Streptococcus pneumoniae.

L J Chandler1, B S Reisner, G L Woods

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0740, USA. Laura.Chandler@utmb.edu

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
|September 7, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Accurate identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae is crucial. While optochin and latex agglutination tests are reliable for typical S. pneumoniae isolates, bile solubility may be less accurate for atypical alpha-hemolytic colonies.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Microbiology
  • Bacteriology
  • Diagnostic Methods

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a significant human pathogen responsible for various infections.
  • Accurate and rapid identification of S. pneumoniae from clinical isolates is essential for appropriate patient management and treatment.
  • Several laboratory methods exist for S. pneumoniae identification, each with varying performance characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the diagnostic accuracy of four common methods for identifying clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • To evaluate the reliability of bile solubility, optochin susceptibility, latex agglutination, and DNA probe assays.
  • To assess method performance based on colony morphology and hemolytic activity.

Main Methods:

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  • A total of 209 clinical isolates were tested.
  • Isolates were divided into Group I (typical S. pneumoniae colony morphology) and Group II (alpha-hemolysis only).
  • Identification methods included bile solubility, optochin disk test, latex agglutination, and DNA probe assay (reference method).

    • Main Results:

    • The DNA probe identified 141 Group I and 10 Group II isolates as S. pneumoniae.
    • For Group I isolates, optochin and latex agglutination showed 100% sensitivity and specificity; bile solubility was 99.5% sensitive.
    • For Group II isolates, optochin testing was 100% sensitive and specific, while latex agglutination (80% sensitivity, 94% specificity) and bile solubility (80% sensitivity, 100% specificity) were less reliable.

    Conclusions:

    • All tested methods are reliable for identifying S. pneumoniae isolates with typical colony morphology.
    • Bile solubility and latex agglutination tests may be less reliable for alpha-hemolytic colonies lacking typical S. pneumoniae morphology.
    • Method selection should consider isolate characteristics to ensure accurate identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae.