Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 2, 2026
06:59
Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
Published on: November 13, 2016
Impaired glucose tolerance and fasting hyperglycaemia have different characteristics
M J Davies1, N T Raymond, J L Day
1Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK.
Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association
|September 7, 2000
Summary
Fasting hyperglycemia is linked to beta cell dysfunction, while impaired glucose tolerance with normal fasting glucose indicates insulin resistance syndrome. These findings suggest distinct metabolic profiles in glucose intolerance.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Disorders
- Diabetes Research
Background:
- The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) may overselect individuals with insulin resistance when defining glucose intolerance.
- Understanding distinct pathophysiological mechanisms in different glucose intolerance phenotypes is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze beta cell function and insulin resistance markers in distinct glucose intolerance groups.
- To investigate the relationship between fasting hyperglycemia (FH) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with metabolic parameters.
Main Methods:
- Four subject groups were analyzed: controls, FH, IGT, and 'Both' (FH and IGT).
- Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed, measuring plasma glucose and insulin levels.
- Beta cell function (% B) and insulin sensitivity (% S) were assessed using homeostatic model assessment (HOMA).
Main Results:
- The FH group showed significantly lower beta cell function (% B) compared to controls.
- The IGT group exhibited features of insulin resistance, including higher BMI and 2-hour insulin levels.
- Subjects with both FH and IGT displayed insulin resistance markers and beta cell dysfunction, with a higher prevalence of males.
Conclusions:
- Fasting hyperglycemia (FH) in milder glucose intolerance is associated with beta cell dysfunction.
- Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with relatively normal fasting glucose is linked to the insulin resistance syndrome.
- These distinct profiles highlight different underlying metabolic derangements in glucose intolerance.
More Related Videos
08:13Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)
Published on: January 7, 2018
08:30Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes
Published on: March 15, 2018
Related Concept Videos
01:27Glucose Transporters
Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
01:26Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction
Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
01:19Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations
Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
01:29Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...