Growth factors and embryo development

In this review are cited and discussed the possible roles of growth factors on preimplantation embryo development of different species. In first term, is considered the mRNA detection in early stages of development. The distribution pattern was not uniform for the different peptides evaluated. For some of them, the mRNAs are detected at the oocyte stage and the level declines to the blastocyst stage, which suggests a maternal origin for them. For others, the level increased from 2-4 cells to blastocyst stage. On the other hand, transcripts of growth factor receptors have been detected in preimplantation embryos. This suggests that growth factors of maternal or embryo origin interact with specific receptors on preimplantation embryo surface and regulate the early development. On the other hand, culture media supplemented with different growth factors have been used to study the possible effects on in vitro development. Some investigators have found no effect. Others, however, have demonstrated changes in protein synthesis, cell number, differentiation and hatching processes. Embryo development modulation by growth factors probably involves a balance between stimulatory and inhibitory effects, although works are needed to determine the precise roles played by these polypeptides during early stages of mammalian development.