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Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
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Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines

The mechanical efficiency of a machine is a fundamental concept that describes how effectively a machine can convert input work into output work. According to this concept, the efficiency of a machine is equal to the ratio of the output work to the input work. An ideal machine, meaning a machine that has no energy losses, has an efficiency of one. This implies that the input work and the output work are equal.
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Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
11:51

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

Published on: March 2, 2011

Economics. Does science drive the productivity train?

D Malakoff

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 9, 2000
    PubMed
    Summary

    Science funding is debated as crucial for economic growth, but some question its impact compared to past innovations. Over-reliance on economic arguments for research may lead to legislative control over funding priorities.

    Area of Science:

    • Economics
    • Science Policy
    • Technological Innovation

    Background:

    • The current economic boom is often attributed to scientific advancement and increased research budgets.
    • Skeptics argue that the information technology revolution's economic contribution is overstated compared to historical innovations like electricity or the telephone.

    Discussion:

    • The abstract discusses the dual perspective on science's economic role: a driver of growth versus an overrated contributor.
    • It highlights concerns that linking basic research too closely to economic arguments could invite legislative interference.
    • The potential for legislators to direct funding towards perceived 'safer' projects with guaranteed returns is a key point of discussion.

    Key Insights:

    • There is a prevailing view that science fuels economic prosperity, necessitating larger research budgets.

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  • A counterargument suggests that recent technological revolutions may not match the economic impact of past foundational innovations.
  • Concerns exist about the potential negative consequences of prioritizing economic justifications for scientific funding.
  • Outlook:

    • Future research funding may be influenced by economic performance metrics and legislative priorities.
    • The debate underscores the need for a balanced approach to funding basic research and its societal impact.
    • Navigating the relationship between scientific advancement, economic growth, and policy-making remains a critical challenge.