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Related Concept Videos

Exocytosis00:51

Exocytosis

Exocytosis is used to release material from cells. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis00:50

Exocytosis

Exocytosis is a process that releases molecules outside the cell. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, which brings molecules inside the cell. Sometimes, the released materials are signaling molecules. For example, neurons typically use exocytosis to release neurotransmitters. Cells also use exocytosis to insert proteins such as ion channels into their cell membranes, secrete proteins for use in the extracellular matrix, or...
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Exocrine glands are those that release their secretions through ducts. Based on their mode of secretion, they can be classified into merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine.
Merocrine Secretion
Merocrine secretion is the most common type of exocrine secretion. The secretions are enclosed in vesicles and moved to the cell's apical surface, where the contents are released by exocytosis. For example, mucous, a watery secretion rich in the glycoprotein mucin, is a merocrine secretion. The eccrine glands...
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Gaseous substances like general anesthetics are absorbed and excreted through the lungs via simple diffusion. This process depends on factors such as pulmonary blood flow, respiration rate, and the substance's solubility. Gaseous anesthetics like nitrous oxide with low blood solubility are excreted rapidly, while compounds like alcohol, with high blood and tissue solubility, are excreted slowly.
Drugs can also be excreted in breast milk, which is crucial for breastfeeding infants. The process...

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[Na+]i, [K+]i and [Cl-]i regulation of exocytosis in guinea-pig antral mucous cells.

T Nakahari1, S Fujiwara, C Shimamoto

  • 1Department of Physiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan. takan@art.osaka-med.ac.jp

Journal of Korean Medical Science
|September 12, 2000
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Summary

Intracellular ions like sodium, potassium, and chloride modulate calcium-regulated exocytosis in guinea-pig antral mucous cells. These ions influence exocytosis through pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins, impacting cellular secretion processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Calcium-regulated exocytosis is crucial for cellular secretion.
  • Intracellular ion concentrations play a role in cellular functions.
  • Antral mucous cells secrete important substances in the digestive system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of intracellular sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl-) on calcium-regulated exocytosis.
  • To elucidate the role of pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G proteins in mediating these ion effects.
  • To understand how acetylcholine (ACh) influences these processes in guinea-pig antral mucous cells.

Main Methods:

  • Guinea-pig antral mucous cells were permeabilized using nystatin treatment.
  • The study focused on exocytotic events activated by 10 microM acetylcholine (ACh).
  • Intracellular ion concentrations ([Na+]i, [K+]i, [Cl-]i) and PTX effects were manipulated and observed.

Main Results:

  • Increased intracellular Na+ and PTX inhibited exocytosis by suppressing the G(Na) protein.
  • Increased intracellular K+ led to a shift towards G(K) proteins, activating exocytosis, which was inhibited by PTX.
  • Increased intracellular Cl- and PTX inhibited G(Cl) protein, which in turn stimulated exocytotic events.

Conclusions:

  • Intracellular Na+, K+, and Cl- concentrations significantly modulate Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis in antral mucous cells.
  • These modulations are mediated by PTX-sensitive G proteins (G(Na), G(K), G(Cl)).
  • Cell volume changes induced by ACh can alter intracellular ion concentrations, thereby affecting exocytosis.