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Processing alternative explanations of behavior: correction or integration?

Y Trope1, R Gaunt

  • 1Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003, USA. trope@psych.nyu.edu

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|September 12, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Cognitive load impacts how people infer personality traits from behavior. High situational information overrides cognitive load, leading to accurate personality judgments, while low situational information under cognitive load hinders accurate judgments.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Dispositional inference involves attributing behavior to stable personality traits.
  • Situational forces can influence behavior, complicating accurate dispositional inferences.
  • Cognitive load can impair complex judgment processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how activating knowledge of situational forces affects discounting in dispositional inference.
  • To examine the moderating roles of situational information salience, accessibility, and specificity.
  • To assess the impact of situational demands and cognitive load on these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted, manipulating factors of situational knowledge activation (salience, accessibility, specificity).
  • Situational demands and cognitive load were varied across all experiments.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants completed dispositional inference tasks under different experimental conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Cognitive load eliminated discounting of situational information when it was low in salience, accessibility, or specificity.
    • Highly salient, accessible, or specific situational information promoted significant discounting, even under cognitive load.
    • The effectiveness of situational information in influencing inferences is dependent on its characteristics and cognitive capacity.

    Conclusions:

    • Situational information characteristics are crucial for overcoming cognitive limitations in dispositional inference.
    • Findings support correction and integration models of how behavior is used to infer dispositional traits.
    • Understanding these cognitive processes is key to accurate social perception.