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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

HIV-1 suppression during acute scrub-typhus infection.

G Watt¹, P Kantipong, M de Souza

¹Retrovirology Department, USAMC, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.

Lancet (London, England)

|September 12, 2000

Summary

Acute scrub typhus infection unexpectedly lowered HIV-1 viral load in patients. This suggests scrub typhus may produce factors that suppress HIV-1, offering potential new AIDS treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Immunology
Virology

Background:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral load typically increases during secondary infections.
This study investigated an unusual decrease in HIV-1 levels during scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the effect of acute scrub typhus on HIV-1 viral load.
To explore the potential for HIV-1 suppressive factors during scrub typhus infection.

Main Methods:

Serial HIV-1 viral load measurements in Thai adults with scrub typhus and control groups with other infections.
Assay of sera from scrub typhus patients and immunized mice for HIV-1 suppressive activity in vitro.

Main Results:

HIV-1 viral load was significantly lower in scrub typhus patients compared to those with other infections.
A three-fold or greater reduction in HIV-1 RNA was observed in some scrub typhus patients; two had undetectable levels.
HIV-1 isolates from scrub typhus patients were predominantly non-syncytia inducing variants, unlike those from non-typhus patients.

Conclusions:

Scrub typhus infection can induce HIV-1 suppressive factors.
Further investigation of these factors could lead to novel strategies for HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention.