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Paradigms and presuppositions: the difference between qualitative and quantitative research
1University of Luton, Bedfordshire, UK.
Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice
|September 13, 2000
Summary
Qualitative and quantitative research methods are not distinct paradigms with contradictory philosophies. Instead, they are versatile tools applicable to various scientific purposes, much like maps or cutlery are suited for different tasks.
Area of Science:
- Research Methodology
- Philosophy of Science
Background:
- The distinction between qualitative and quantitative research is often framed by the 'paradigm' interpretation.
- This interpretation posits mutually exclusive philosophical presuppositions for each approach.
- Quantitative research is linked to objective truths and singular reality; qualitative research to subjective realities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critique the 'paradigm' interpretation of the difference between qualitative and quantitative research.
- To argue that this interpretation leads to incoherence, relativism, or self-contradiction.
- To propose an alternative view of research methods as versatile tools.
Main Methods:
- Conceptual analysis of the 'paradigm' interpretation.
- Analogical reasoning, comparing research methods to tools like maps and cutlery.
- Illustrative comparison of motorway maps with surveys and Ordnance Survey maps with ethnography.
Main Results:
- The 'paradigm' interpretation of qualitative versus quantitative research is fundamentally flawed and potentially incoherent.
- Qualitative and quantitative methods are best understood as practical tools, not as embodiments of conflicting philosophical stances.
- The utility of each method depends on the specific scientific purpose and context, not inherent philosophical baggage.
Conclusions:
- Research methods are pragmatic instruments, not philosophical paradigms.
- The temptation to view them as paradigms stems from specific historical or theoretical contexts but is ultimately misguided.
- Adopting a tool-based perspective allows for a more flexible and coherent understanding of research design.
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