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Related Experiment Videos

REM sleep atonia: responsible brain regions, quantification, and clinical implication.

J Kohyama1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, 113-8519, Tokyo, Japan. jkohyama.ped@tmd.ac.jp

Brain & Development
|September 14, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Muscle tone suppression during REM sleep is measured by the tonic inhibition index (TII) and phasic inhibition index (PII). TII increases with age, while PII decreases, suggesting distinct neural systems for muscle activity control.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Human Development

Background:

  • Muscle atonia is a hallmark of REM sleep.
  • Quantifying muscle tone suppression during REM sleep is crucial for understanding neural control.
  • Existing methods may not fully capture the nuances of muscle activity suppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate two novel indices: the tonic inhibition index (TII) and the phasic inhibition index (PII).
  • To investigate the developmental trajectories of TII and PII in relation to age.
  • To hypothesize about the underlying neural systems responsible for muscle tone suppression during REM sleep.

Main Methods:

  • Development of TII to measure shortening of phasic chin muscle activity.
  • Development of PII to quantify suppression of phasic chin muscle activity during rapid eye movement bursts.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of TII and PII changes across different age groups.

    • Main Results:

    • TII demonstrated a significant increase with age, reaching adult levels around 12.3 years.
    • PII showed a significant decrease with age, reaching adult values by 0.4 years.
    • A significant divergence in maturation timelines for TII and PII was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • The distinct maturation patterns of TII and PII suggest the involvement of at least two independent human nervous systems in muscle activity suppression.
    • These findings support the hypothesis that brainstem inhibitory centers play a role in REM sleep muscle atonia and potentially in wakefulness muscle suppression.