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Mass changes and dissolution of platinum during electrical stimulation in artificial perilymph solution.

D B Hibbert1, K Weitzner, B Tabor

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. b.hibbert@unsw.edu.au

Biomaterials
|September 14, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Platinum electrode performance in artificial perilymph was assessed. Amino acid adsorption blocks platinum oxidation, and while cysteine increases dissolution, overall platinum levels remain low, suggesting safety for auditory prostheses.

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Platinum electrodes are used in biomedical implants.
  • Understanding platinum's electrochemical behavior in biological fluids is crucial for device safety and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrochemistry of platinum electrodes in artificial perilymph.
  • To determine the impact of amino acid adsorption on platinum electrode performance and dissolution.
  • To assess the safety of platinum dissolution for implanted auditory prostheses.

Main Methods:

  • Quartz crystal electrochemical microbalance (QCMB) was used to monitor mass changes.
  • Electrolyte analysis quantified dissolved platinum concentrations.
  • Cyclic voltammetry and steady-state potential experiments were performed.

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Main Results:

  • Amino acid adsorption blocks platinum oxidation and oxide reduction sites.
  • Cysteine strongly interacts with platinum, reducing voltammogram features and increasing dissolution.
  • Human serum albumin inhibited platinum dissolution without significant mass changes.
  • Dissolved platinum levels were generally low (<5 ppb), with highest concentrations in cysteine solutions.

Conclusions:

  • Amino acids influence platinum electrode electrochemistry by competing with chloride ions.
  • Platinum dissolution from auditory prosthesis electrodes is unlikely to reach toxic levels in the body.
  • The study provides critical data for the safe design and application of platinum-based biomedical devices.