[Rabies in France: an update]

Area of Science:

• Veterinary epidemiology
• Zoonotic disease surveillance
• Public health

Context:

• Rabies caused over 35,000 deaths globally in 1996, with France diagnosing three imported human cases.
• Fox rabies cases near the France-Germany border highlighted ongoing risks, impacting rabies-free status declarations.
• Bat and dog rabies are recognized as significant concerns in France, often linked to imported cases.

Purpose:

• To review the epidemiology of fox, bat, and dog rabies in France based on recent data.
• To analyze the impact of fox oral immunization campaigns on rabies incidence.
• To discuss factors contributing to the reduced risk of rabies in France.

Summary:

• Coordinated efforts, including extensive fox oral vaccination programs in France and neighboring countries, have significantly reduced rabies incidence.
• Efficient epidemiological surveillance, stringent border controls, and a ban on importing tropical bats have further contributed to decreased rabies risk.
• Recent changes in pre-exposure immunization recommendations and licensing forms aim to adapt preventive strategies.

Impact:

• Successful implementation of multi-faceted control strategies has led to a substantial decrease in rabies risk in France.
• Ongoing vigilance regarding bat and dog rabies, alongside continued international cooperation, is crucial for sustained rabies prevention.
• Updated immunization guidelines enhance the effectiveness of preventive measures against rabies.