[The importance of Helicobacter--beyond the stomach too]

The discovery of H. pylori as causative agent for peptic ulcers was a milestone in gastroenterology. Apart from peptic ulcer, H. pylori may play a role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjoegren's syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy. These associations are still controversial and need further studies. Other strains (H. bilis, H. hepaticus, H. rappani, H. pullorum) may cause chronic hepatobiliary diseases or diarrhea. The possible role of such strains in carcinogenesis is very interesting and should be further explored.