Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Gross Anatomy of Bone

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...

Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Changes to country-specific hepatitis A travel vaccination recommendation for UK travellers in 2017-responding to a vaccine shortage in the national context.

Public health·2018

Same author

Nanosecond laser therapy reverses pathologic and molecular changes in age-related macular degeneration without retinal damage.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2014

Same author

Placental pathologic aberrations in cases of familial idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth.

Placenta·2011

Same author

The genetics of birth timing: insights into a fundamental component of human development.

Clinical genetics·2008

Same author

Asian MODY: are we missing an important diagnosis?

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association·2006

Same author

The evidence base for shaken baby syndrome.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2004

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

Physiologic periosteal changes in infancy.

J Plunkett¹, M Plunkett

¹Department of Pathology, Regina Medical Center, Hastings, Minnesota 55033, USA.

The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology

|September 16, 2000

Summary

Physiologic bone growth in infants can mimic trauma on X-rays. Understanding normal bone remodeling helps differentiate it from healing and repair in infants.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Radiology
Orthopedic Pathology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Bone remodeling is a continuous process crucial for skeletal development and adaptation.
Radiographic assessment of infant bone is challenging due to rapid growth and overlapping features.
Distinguishing normal bone changes from traumatic injuries is critical for accurate diagnosis.

Observation:

Infantile bone exhibits unique surface modulation during normal growth.
These remodeling patterns can present radiologically similar to post-traumatic changes.
Pathologic examination reveals distinct characteristics of normal versus injured bone.

Findings:

Normal bone remodeling in infants involves specific periosteal and endosteal responses.

More Related Videos

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice

Published on: September 16, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

Published on: December 3, 2016

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice

Real-Time Imaging of CCL5-Induced Migration of Periosteal Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice

Published on: September 16, 2020

Radiologic features of physiological bone growth include smooth, continuous periosteal apposition.

Histopathological analysis confirms the benign nature of normal remodeling versus reactive bone formation in healing.

Implications:

Accurate differentiation prevents misdiagnosis of non-accidental trauma in infants.
Improved understanding aids radiologists and clinicians in interpreting infant skeletal imaging.
Establishes imaging and pathological criteria for normal postnatal bone development.