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Organization of Genes

Organization of Genes

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Organization of Genes

Organization of Genes

Gene Conversion

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

Exon Recombination

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...

Gene Conversion

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Genomics happens.

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 19, 2000

Summary

Cholera, a severe diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, has plagued humanity for centuries. Genomic sequencing is now uncovering new insights into how this dangerous microbe causes illness.

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Genomics
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Cholera remains a significant global health threat, historically causing widespread epidemics.
The causative agent, Vibrio cholerae, is an aquatic bacterium that can infect humans.
Understanding its pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore recent advancements in understanding Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis.
To highlight the role of genomic sequencing in revealing new insights.

Main Methods:

Genomic sequencing of Vibrio cholerae.
Analysis of pathogen-host interactions.

Main Results:

Genomic data is providing novel perspectives on Vibrio cholerae's disease-causing mechanisms.

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Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

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Published on: August 14, 2018

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Cell Lineage Analyses and Gene Function Studies Using Twin-spot MARCM

Cell Lineage Analyses and Gene Function Studies Using Twin-spot MARCM

Published on: March 2, 2017

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

New facets of microbial pathogenesis are being uncovered.

Conclusions:

Genomic insights are revolutionizing our understanding of cholera.
Continued research into Vibrio cholerae genomics will enhance disease control efforts.