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Behavior and performance on long-duration spaceflights: evidence from analogue environments.

L A Palinkas1, E K Gunderson, J C Johnson

  • 1Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0807, USA. lpalinkas@ucsd.edu

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|September 19, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Long-duration space missions may see seasonal behavior changes. Crew social dynamics and environment significantly impact mood and performance, with challenging settings potentially offering benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Space behavioral science
  • Human factors in extreme environments
  • Psychological adaptation

Background:

  • Antarctic research provides insights into long-duration space mission challenges.
  • Historical data from 1963 onwards informs behavioral and performance analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify behavioral and performance characteristics relevant to long-duration space missions.
  • To analyze the influence of mission duration, social factors, and environment on crew well-being and performance.

Main Methods:

  • Examined mood scores (POMS) in relation to mission duration and latitude for 450 Antarctic overwinterers (1991-1998).
  • Assessed behavior and performance in 657 male overwinterers (1963-1974) based on social characteristics, personality, and environment.
  • Analyzed the impact of crew social structure on individual performance using both datasets.

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Main Results:

  • Seasonal mood variations correlate with altered diurnal cycles and mission segmentation.
  • Concurrent personality and coping style measures predict mood and performance better than baseline due to unique environmental stressors.
  • Clique-based social structures are linked to increased negative mood states (depression, anxiety, anger, fatigue, confusion).
  • A salutogenic effect exists where challenging environments positively influence individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Behavior and performance in long-duration spaceflight are likely influenced by seasonality, situational factors, social dynamics, and a salutogenic response.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for astronaut selection and mission support.