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A human factors approach for Japanese experiment module development.

T Yamaguchi1

  • 1National Space Development Agency of Japan, Ibaraki.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|September 19, 2000
PubMed
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This study outlines a human factors framework for space systems, using the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) as a case study. It emphasizes identifying astronaut, hardware, and software factors across development phases and diverse environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Space Systems Engineering
  • Human Factors and Ergonomics
  • Aerospace Medicine

Background:

  • The Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) development for the International Space Station (ISS) program, initiated in 1985, provided extensive experience in manned space system design.
  • Developing complex space systems necessitates a robust human factors approach to ensure crew safety, operational efficiency, and mission success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To specify a conceptual framework for a human factors approach in space exploration, derived from the JEM development experience.
  • To guide human factors engineers in identifying critical factors and considering environmental variables throughout the space system development lifecycle.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of key factors influencing astronauts, hardware, and software within manned space systems.
  • Analysis of the JEM development cycle, encompassing system requirements, design specifications, and crew-interface verification.
  • Consideration of diverse environmental conditions (1 G, 0 G, isolated, confined, extreme) during the verification process.

Main Results:

  • Four major factors were identified in JEM development: Habitability, Operation, Physiology, and Psychology.
  • The framework emphasizes a phased approach to system development, from initial requirements to final verification.
  • Verification processes must account for various environmental exposures relevant to space missions.

Conclusions:

  • A structured human factors framework is crucial for successful manned space system development.
  • Integrating habitability, operational, physiological, and psychological factors is essential for astronaut well-being and performance.
  • Verification methodologies must simulate or account for the unique and extreme environments encountered in space missions.