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Related Experiment Videos

Histologic peripheral nerve changes in rats induced by deltamethrin.

E E Calore1, M J Cavaliere, F R Puga

  • 1Pathology Department, Biomedical Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
|September 20, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic pyrethroids like deltamethrin can harm the mammalian nervous system (CNS). This study found temporary nerve damage in rats after deltamethrin exposure, which resolved upon cessation of the insecticide.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology
  • Histopathology

Background:

  • Synthetic pyrethroids are widely used insecticides known for high efficacy and low mammalian toxicity.
  • Alpha-cyano pyrethroids, including deltamethrin, have shown potential toxicity to the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) in acute poisoning cases.
  • Morphological studies detailing these neurotoxic effects are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the histopathologic changes in the sciatic and tibial nerves of rats following acute deltamethrin intoxication.
  • To assess the reversibility of these nerve changes after deltamethrin exposure cessation.

Main Methods:

  • Male Wistar rats were administered deltamethrin (45 mg/kg) orally for 3 consecutive days.
  • Nerve tissues were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nerve fiber teasing on day 4.

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  • A separate group of rats was observed for recovery until day 10.

    • Main Results:

    • Nerve teasing revealed myelin ovoids, indicating axonal damage, in rats sacrificed on day 4.
    • TEM showed rare degenerated axons with accumulated organelles (mitochondria) and myelin-like figures.
    • Schwann cells exhibited cytoplasmic vacuolization due to endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus alterations.
    • No significant lesions were observed in nerves 7 days after deltamethrin discontinuation.

    Conclusions:

    • Acute deltamethrin intoxication induces transient and scarce histopathologic changes in rat peripheral nerves.
    • The observed nerve damage, including axonal and Schwann cell alterations, is reversible.
    • Further research is needed to correlate these findings with potential alterations in ion channel activity (e.g., Na(+), K(+)-ATPase) induced by pyrethroids.