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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets

A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets

Published on: December 5, 2014

Visual similarity effects in immediate verbal serial recall.

R H Logie¹, S Della Sala, V Wynn

¹Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, U.K. r.logie@abdn.ac.uk

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. A, Human Experimental Psychology

|September 20, 2000

Summary

Visually similar words and letters impair recall accuracy in verbal serial tasks. This suggests a visual memory system supports verbal information retention alongside the auditory system.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Memory Research

Background:

Working memory is crucial for temporarily storing and manipulating information.
Previous research primarily focused on the phonological loop for verbal information.
The role of visual working memory in verbal serial recall remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the contribution of visual working memory to serial recall of verbal information.
To examine the impact of visual similarity on the retention of words and letters.
To determine if a distinct visual code supports verbal sequence memory.

Main Methods:

Four experiments using immediate serial recall tasks with visually similar and distinct words.
Experiments also used letter sequences varying in visual case consistency (e.g., Kk vs. Dd).
Concurrent articulatory suppression was employed in some conditions to isolate visual processing.

Main Results:

Visually similar words and letters significantly impaired recall accuracy.
This visual similarity effect was robust across all experiments and serial positions.
The effect persisted even with articulatory suppression, indicating a non-phonological basis.

Conclusions:

Data support the existence of a visual code for processing visually presented verbal sequences.
Findings suggest a visual temporary memory system, or 'visual cache', actively contributes to verbal serial recall.
This highlights the interplay between visual and phonological codes in working memory for verbal information.