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Memory and planning processes in solutions to well-structured problems.

S P Davies1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Hull, U.K. S.P.Davies@psy.hull.ac.uk

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. A, Human Experimental Psychology
|September 20, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Problem solvers may use retrospective planning to avoid repeating moves, rather than solely relying on memory. This strategy helps in recognizing previously visited states during problem-solving tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Problem-Solving Research

Background:

  • Existing models of problem-solving, like means-end analysis, primarily focus on forward planning.
  • These models often emphasize heuristics such as avoiding previously visited states (anti-looping).
  • The underlying mechanism for anti-looping, typically assumed to be memory, has not been systematically explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate problem solvers' ability to recognize previously visited states.
  • To explore retrospective planning as a strategy in problem-solving.
  • To examine the relationship between recognition success, decision time, and state distance.

Main Methods:

  • Several studies were conducted to systematically assess participants' recognition of previously visited problem-solving states.

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  • Analysis focused on the correlation between successful recognition, time taken, and the distance from the current state.
  • Investigated the symmetry between estimations of future and past problem states.

    • Main Results:

    • A systematic relationship was found between recognition success, judgment time, and the distance from the current state.
    • Estimations of future problem states were found to be symmetrical to estimations of past states.
    • The findings suggest a potential strategy not solely based on memory recall.

    Conclusions:

    • Problem solvers appear to engage in retrospective planning to avoid revisiting states.
    • This retrospective planning strategy may not be solely dependent on explicit memory of prior states.
    • The symmetry in state estimations supports the role of retrospective planning in problem-solving heuristics.