Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 13, 2026

Procedure for Human Saphenous Veins Ex Vivo Perfusion and External Reinforcement
Published on: October 1, 2014
Noninvasive revascularization by enhanced external counterpulsation: a case study and literature review
M Singh1, D R Holmes, A J Tajik
1Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA.
Insights
Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) offers a safe, noninvasive option for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) unsuitable for surgery. This therapy significantly reduced ischemic symptoms and improved quality of life.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Noninvasive Cardiovascular Therapies
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects millions, with a growing subset of patients ineligible for traditional revascularization.
- Aggressive medical management often fails to alleviate symptoms in these complex cases.
Observation:
- A 56-year-old woman with severe, symptomatic CAD, not a candidate for revascularization, received enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP).
- She experienced significant improvement in anginal symptoms and myocardial ischemia.
Findings:
- EECP therapy led to dramatic symptom reduction and complete resolution of myocardial ischemia on nuclear stress imaging.
- The patient demonstrated enhanced quality of life and increased activity levels post-treatment.
Implications:
- EECP presents a viable, noninvasive therapeutic option for refractory ischemic symptoms in patients unsuitable for standard revascularization.
- This case highlights EECP's potential to improve outcomes and quality of life for a challenging patient population.
Abstract:
Nearly 8 million people in the United States suffer from symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD). Unfortunately, the population of patients with ischemic coronary disease that is not readily amenable to surgical or percutaneous revascularization continues to grow. For patients who are not candidates for standard revascularization procedures and in whom aggressive medical therapy fails to control symptoms, enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a new, noninvasive outpatient method to improve quality of life by decreasing ischemic symptoms and permit increased activity. We report the case of a 56-year-old woman with severe, symptomatic CAD receiving maximal medical therapy who underwent a course of EECP therapy because she was not a good candidate for other forms of revascularization. She demonstrated dramatic improvement in her anginal symptoms and complete resolution of myocardial ischemia on repeat nuclear stress imaging. This case suggests that EECP is a safe and effective method for reducing symptoms of myocardial ischemia in patients for whom standard percutaneous or surgical revascularization is not suitable treatment.
Related Concept Videos
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care
Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management
