Volatiles released from oak, a host tree for the bark beetle Scolytus intricatus

Volatile compounds emitted in different phases of oak (Quercus robur) development (bark, unopened buds, young developing leaves, and blossoms) were analyzed with the aim of finding possible host-plant attractants for the European oak bark beetle, Scolytus intricatus. Complex mixtures of aliphatic, aromatic, and terpenoid compounds were identified in the samples. (E)-2-Hexenal and hexanal dominated in samples of bark. In buds, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate formed a substantial part of the mixture. In both leaves and blossoms (E,E)-alpha-farnesene was the main component.Volatiles released from oak twigs and branches during both the maturation feeding and construction of maternal galleries by Scolytus intricatus were also analyzed. Most compounds found in the samples from females' and males' maturation feeding were identical. High contents of anisole, (E)-beta-ocimene, alpha-copaene, one unidentified sesquiterpenic hydrocarbon C(15)H(24) and beta-caryophyllene were found in both samples of twigs attacked by beetles. During the construction of maternal galleries by bark beetles in oak logs, monoterpene hydrocarbons such as p-cymene, (E)-beta-ocimene, and gamma-terpinene, and sesquiterpenes alpha-copaene and beta-caryophyllene were released in large quantities. No new compound appeared when males were added to the log with feeding females.