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Glucocorticoids and neuroendocrine function.

F Cavagnini1, M Croci, P Putignano

  • 12nd Chair of Endocrinology, University of Milan, IRCCS Ospedale San Luca, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan. cavgnini@auxologico.it

International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
|September 21, 2000
PubMed
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Glucocorticoids influence food intake and energy balance by affecting appetite hormones like NPY and CRH. Obesity may involve altered cortisol metabolism and increased central fat distribution.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Metabolic Regulation

Background:

  • Glucocorticoids play a key role in the neuroendocrine control of food intake and energy expenditure.
  • They influence appetite by stimulating Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and inhibiting Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) and melanocortin release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex relationship between glucocorticoids, appetite regulation, and energy balance.
  • To investigate the role of glucocorticoids in body fat distribution and potential links to obesity and adrenal disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental evidence on glucocorticoid effects on appetite-regulating hormones (NPY, CRH, melanocortins).
  • Examination of the interplay between glucocorticoids, leptin, and growth hormone.
  • Analysis of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in obesity and relation to cortisol metabolism.

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Main Results:

  • Glucocorticoids promote food consumption and can alter fat distribution, increasing truncal adiposity.
  • Leptin levels rise in response to glucocorticoids, forming a regulatory feedback loop.
  • Obesity, particularly visceral, is linked to increased cortisol clearance and specific HPA axis alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Glucocorticoids are significant regulators of appetite and energy expenditure with implications for body composition.
  • Subtle HPA axis abnormalities and altered cortisol metabolism are observed in specific obesity subgroups.
  • Adrenal incidentalomas with enhanced cortisol secretion may be associated with metabolic syndrome (X syndrome).