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Leg length discrepancy--an experimental study of compensatory changes in three dimensions using gait analysis
M Walsh1, P Connolly, A Jenkinson
1Gait Laboratory, Central Remedial Clinic, Clontarf, 3, Dublin, Ireland.
Gait & Posture
|September 22, 2000
Summary
Leg length discrepancy (LLD) causes compensatory body movements. Three-dimensional gait analysis reveals pelvic obliquity for small LLD and knee flexion for larger discrepancies, aiding assessment.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Orthopedics
- Human Movement Analysis
Background:
- Leg length discrepancy (LLD) necessitates compensatory mechanisms.
- These compensations lead to kinematic alterations in the lower limbs and pelvis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the compensatory mechanisms in response to induced leg length discrepancy.
- To evaluate the utility of three-dimensional (3-D) gait analysis in assessing LLD.
Main Methods:
- Seven healthy subjects participated in the study.
- Three-dimensional gait analysis was performed using a CODA MPX 30(R) analyzer.
- Subjects were fitted with raises to simulate varying degrees of LLD in static and dynamic conditions.
Main Results:
- Pelvic obliquity was the primary compensation for discrepancies up to 2.2 cm, especially in static standing.
- Knee flexion of the longer leg was observed with larger discrepancies.
- Walking involved complex kinematic changes at the pelvis, knee, and ankle, modeled mathematically.
Conclusions:
- Three-dimensional gait analysis effectively assesses functional and structural leg length discrepancies.
- Understanding compensatory mechanisms is crucial for managing LLD.
- Mathematical modeling aids in quantifying kinematic adaptations to LLD.