Efficacy of a 90 degree anterior fundoplication vs a total fundoplication in an experimental model

The surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has improved greatly, so that excellent long-term control of symptoms can now be achieved. At present, the gold standard for treatment is the Nissen fundoplication. However, this procedure produces side effects in some patients, including persistent dysphagia, epigastric bloating, and excessive flatulence. As a result, some surgeons who have recommended the use of a partial fundoplication to lessen the occurrence of these side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a laparoscopically constructed 90 degree anterior fundoplication and to compare this method with the Nissen fundoplication.

Twelve domestic white pigs underwent initial esophageal myotomy to ensure an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter. These animals were then randomized to undergo either a total fundoplication or a 90 degree wrap. All procedures were completed laparoscopically. Resting lower esophageal sphincter pressures were measured immediately and at 2 weeks postoperatively with a water-perfused esophageal manometry catheter incorporating a Dent sleeve. The efficacy of the antireflux barrier was determined at 2 weeks after surgery by fundoplication yield studies.

Both the total fundoplication and the 90 degree wrap produced an increase in resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure and restored adequate competence to the gastroesophageal junction in the early postoperative period.

A laparoscopically completed 90 degree anterior fundoplication restores lower esophageal sphincter competence in the early postoperative period. Clinical studies examining the long-term results and significant side effects of this procedure are required to establish the place for this procedure in the antireflux surgery armamentarium.