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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Cardiac Muscles01:13

Structure of Cardiac Muscles

Cardiac muscle, or myocardium, is a specialized type of muscle found exclusively in the heart. Its unique structural and functional characteristics enable the heart to perform its vital role of pumping blood throughout the body continuously and rhythmically. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, possess an endomysium and perimysium but do not have an epimysium.
Compared to skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle cells are small and mostly have a single nucleus. Additionally, they are usually...
Specialized Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles01:27

Specialized Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles

The primary role of cardiac muscles is to propel blood throughout the cardiovascular system. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, exhibit specialized characteristics that allow them to perform this function.
Cardiac muscle cells are smaller than skeletal muscles, averaging 10–20 mm in diameter and 50–100 mm in length. However, they have large energy demands for continuous contraction and relaxation. This energy is almost exclusively derived from aerobic metabolism of energy reserves in...
Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart tube by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
13:03

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2016

A genetic blueprint for cardiac development.

D Srivastava1, E N Olson

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 75390-9148, USA. dsriva@mednet.swmed.edu

Nature
|September 23, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic mutations are a primary cause of congenital heart disease in children, leading to severe cardiac malformations. Understanding these genetic factors is crucial for both treating heart defects and exploring cardiac repair via cell reprogramming.

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
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Published on: June 3, 2016

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Analysis of Cardiac Chamber Development During Mouse Embryogenesis Using Whole Mount Epifluorescence
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Published on: April 17, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pediatric Cardiology

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading non-infectious cause of mortality in pediatric populations.
  • Previously considered multifactorial, many cardiac abnormalities are now linked to specific mutations in developmental control genes.
  • Genetic mutations can result in severe cardiac malformations at birth or subtler issues later in life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the genetic basis of congenital heart disease.
  • To explore the role of developmental control genes in cardiac malformations.
  • To investigate the potential for genetic reprogramming in cardiac repair strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on genetic mutations and cardiac development.
  • Analysis of genetic data related to congenital heart defects.
  • Exploration of gene-editing and cell-reprogramming techniques for cardiac regeneration.

Main Results:

  • Mutations in key developmental control genes are directly implicated in a significant proportion of CHD cases.
  • Genetic underpinnings explain a spectrum of cardiac abnormalities, from severe malformations to subtle defects.
  • Understanding these genetic pathways opens avenues for novel therapeutic approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic mutations are a critical factor in congenital heart disease etiology.
  • Targeting developmental gene pathways offers potential for novel treatments and regenerative medicine.
  • Further research into genetic reprogramming could revolutionize pediatric cardiac care.