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Biochemical function of selenium and its relation to vitamin E.

W G Hoekstra

    Federation Proceedings
    |October 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Selenium is crucial for glutathione peroxidase activity, an enzyme protecting cells from oxidative damage. Selenium deficiency reduces this enzyme

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Enzymology
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Glutathione peroxidase (E.C. 1.11.1.9) is a selenium-containing enzyme found in erythrocytes.
    • Selenium deficiency significantly decreases glutathione peroxidase activity in various animal tissues.
    • This enzyme plays a vital role in cellular defense against oxidative damage by neutralizing hydroperoxides.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of selenium in glutathione peroxidase activity and its implications in deficiency states.
    • To explore the relationship between glutathione peroxidase, vitamin E, and cellular protection mechanisms.
    • To propose a comprehensive scheme illustrating the interactions between selenium, vitamin E, lipids, amino acids, and toxicants in preventing cellular damage.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and characterization of glutathione peroxidase from ovine and bovine erythrocytes.
    • Assessment of glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-deficient animal models (rat, chick, sheep).
    • Review of existing literature on oxidant damage, prevention mechanisms, and nutrient interactions.

    Main Results:

    • Glutathione peroxidase contains approximately 4 selenium atoms per mole, with 1 Se per subunit.
    • Selenium deficiency leads to marked reductions in enzyme activity, particularly in specific tissues like the liver.
    • Decreased enzyme activity correlates with pathological lesions, suggesting its utility in diagnosing selenium deficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • Selenium is essential for maintaining glutathione peroxidase activity, which is critical for cellular antioxidant defense.
    • The interplay between selenium, vitamin E, and other cellular components is vital for protecting against oxidative stress and toxicants.
    • Understanding these interactions provides insights into preventing cellular damage and diagnosing selenium-related deficiencies.

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