Indications for filter placement

Indications for placement of a vena caval filter reflect the perception of efficacy and safety of these devices. The traditional indications include contraindications to or complications of anticoagulation. Over time, physicians have expanded these indications to include prophylactic placement in patients at high risk of pulmonary embolism. The decision to place a filter should be made only after weighing the risks and benefit in each situation. Long-term outcomes should be carefully evaluated.