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Related Experiment Videos

Drag swab efficiency factors when sampling chicken manure.

D L Rolfe1, H P Riemann, T B Farver

  • 1California Department of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health Branch, Modesto 95358, USA.

Avian Diseases
|September 28, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing drag swabbing for Salmonella detection in poultry farms requires careful consideration of distance and manure moisture. Sampling up to 120 feet is effective, with wet areas yielding higher bacteria counts but shorter effective swabbing distances.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural microbiology
  • Environmental microbiology
  • Food safety science

Background:

  • Salmonella spp. contamination in poultry facilities poses a significant food safety risk.
  • Effective environmental sampling methods are crucial for detecting Salmonella in laying hen operations.
  • Drag swabbing manure piles is a common method, but optimal parameters require investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the optimal distance for drag swabbing manure piles in laying facilities.
  • To evaluate the impact of manure moisture content on bacterial recovery.
  • To assess the efficacy of different moistening media for drag swabs and their effect on Salmonella viability.

Main Methods:

  • Drag swabs were used to sample manure piles at varying distances in a California laying facility.

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  • Samples were cultured for Salmonella spp., total bacteria, and Escherichia coli using standard methods.
  • Moistening media efficacy was tested by seeding with Salmonella typhimurium and culturing after different delay times.
  • Bacterial counts from wet versus dry manure surfaces were compared.

    • Main Results:

    • Salmonella spp. and total bacteria counts peaked at approximately 120 feet of swabbing distance.
    • Wet manure surfaces yielded higher total bacteria counts than dry surfaces, but effective swabbing distance was reduced.
    • Different moistening media showed statistically different culture counts but did not significantly impact Salmonella viability over 48 hours under refrigeration.
    • Swab overuse led to a plateau in bacterial numbers, potentially hindering Salmonella detection.

    Conclusions:

    • Drag swabbing effectiveness for Salmonella detection is influenced by distance, peaking around 120 feet.
    • Sampling wet manure surfaces can increase bacterial recovery but limits the effective swabbing range.
    • Proper swab usage is critical; overuse may lead to false negatives, especially with clustered Salmonella distribution.