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Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...

Magnetic Force

Magnetic Force

In addition to the electric forces between electric charges, moving electric charges exert magnetic forces on each other. A magnetic field is created by a moving charge or a group of moving charges known as the electric current. A magnetic force is experienced by a second current or moving charge in response to this magnetic field. Fundamentally, interactions between moving electrons in the atoms of two bodies produce magnetic forces between them.
The magnetic force acting on a moving charge...

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.

Magnetic Damping

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: January 25, 2012

Quantum hall ferromagnetism in a two-dimensional electron system

Eom¹, Cho, Kang

¹James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Walter Schottky Instit.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 29, 2000

Summary

Experiments reveal novel two-dimensional ferromagnetism in electron systems. This behavior shows unusual magnetic properties and complex dynamics, challenging current understanding of the fractional quantum Hall effect.

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Quantifying the Relative Thickness of Conductive Ferromagnetic Materials Using Detector Coil-Based Pulsed Eddy Current Sensors

Published on: January 16, 2020

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Hall Effect
Two-Dimensional Electron Systems

Background:

The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) describes complex electronic states in two-dimensional electron systems under strong magnetic fields.
Understanding the interplay of spin and electronic transport is crucial for characterizing these FQHE states.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the transport properties of a nearly spin-degenerate two-dimensional electron system in the FQHE regime.
To explore the nature of transitions between spin-polarized and spin-unpolarized states.

Main Methods:

Experimental measurements of electrical transport in a two-dimensional electron system.
Analysis of magnetoresistance and its time dependence under varying magnetic fields and temperatures.
Characterization of hysteretic behavior during transitions between FQHE states.

Main Results:

Observed unusual hysteretic loops during the transition between spin-polarized (nu = 1/3) and spin-unpolarized (nu = 2/5) states, resembling classical ferromagnetism.
Magnetoresistance exhibited logarithmic time dependence without saturation, indicating persistent dynamics.
The relaxation rate showed an anomalous divergence as temperature decreased, contradicting established models.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest the emergence of novel two-dimensional ferromagnetism within the FQHE regime.
Complex magnetic domain dynamics are implicated in the observed hysteretic and relaxational transport phenomena.
These results necessitate revisions to current theoretical frameworks for FQHE and magnetic phenomena in low dimensions.