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Related Experiment Videos

Monoamine oxidase. Its inhibition.

M B Youdim

    Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme research is experiencing a revival. New selective MAO inhibitors show promise for treating depression, building on decades of study into neurotransmitter metabolism.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biochemistry
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Monoamine oxidase (MAO) was discovered ~50 years ago, with early suggestions of its role in central nervous system monoamine catabolism.
    • MAO inhibitors, initially used as antidepressants, fell into disrepute due to side effects and questioned efficacy.
    • Recent purification and characterization of MAO from various tissues, including the brain, have renewed interest in its functional role.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the historical and current understanding of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the central nervous system.
    • To highlight the significance of purified and characterized MAO with distinct substrate and inhibitor specificities.
    • To discuss the potential of new selective MAO inhibitors in the chemotherapy of depressive illness.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of historical research on MAO discovery, function, and inhibition.
    • Discussion of recent advancements in MAO purification and characterization.
    • Analysis of evidence for neuronal MAO and its physiological functions.

    Main Results:

    • Evidence suggests neuronal MAO exists with specificities allowing for deamination of non-methylated biogenic monoamines within neurons.
    • Development of new drugs, clorgyline and depranil, offering selective inhibition of MAO enzyme forms.
    • MAO activity fluctuations in peripheral organs and the brain are documented and linked to steroid changes.

    Conclusions:

    • Selective MAO inhibitors represent a promising avenue for the chemotherapy of depressive illness.
    • Further research is needed to clarify the role of MAO in affective disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar depression, despite conflicting reports on MAO activity.
    • The physiological function of neuronal MAO warrants continued investigation.

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