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Characteristics of memory dysfunction in body dysmorphic disorder.

T Deckersbach1, C R Savage, K A Phillips

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129, USA.

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|September 30, 2000
PubMed
Summary

This study found that individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) exhibit memory deficits, particularly in verbal and nonverbal recall, linked to impaired organizational strategies. These findings suggest potential links between BDD and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is increasingly studied, yet its neuropsychological deficits remain poorly understood.
  • Memory dysfunction is a potential cognitive deficit in BDD, with limited research on encoding strategies and performance.
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shares some cognitive patterns with BDD, particularly in memory and strategic processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate memory dysfunction in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).
  • To examine the relationship between encoding strategies and verbal/nonverbal memory performance in BDD.
  • To compare neuropsychological performance between BDD patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 17 patients with BDD and 17 healthy controls.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) for nonverbal memory and the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) for verbal memory.
  • Employed multiple regression analyses to explore mediation by organizational strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • BDD patients showed significant deficits in verbal and nonverbal learning and memory compared to controls.
    • Deficits in free recall among BDD patients were significantly mediated by impaired organizational encoding strategies.
    • Observed memory patterns in BDD resemble those found in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

    Conclusions:

    • BDD is associated with significant verbal and nonverbal memory impairments.
    • Impaired strategic encoding, specifically organizational deficits, underlies memory dysfunction in BDD.
    • Neuropsychological similarities suggest a potential relationship between BDD and OCD, both affected by impaired strategic processing.