Structural analysis of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene in end-stage renal disease

Mutations in the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD2) gene cause a rare form of low-renin hypertension leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in some affected subjects. To date, no search for mutations in the HSD11B2 gene was performed in a large population to obtain an estimate its prevalence.

The HSD11B2 gene was analyzed in 587 subjects, including 260 ESRD patients (either dialysis or transplanted) for mutations in the exons 2 through 5 and corresponding intronic regions by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using appropriate overlapping primers, gel analysis by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP), and sequencing of identified migration variants.

The prevalence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ESRD patients and controls was 26%. The following genetic variants were found among all subjects investigated: exon 2 T442G (Leu148/Val, N = 70) and C470A (Thr156/Thr, N = 67), exon 3 G534A (Glu178/Glu, N = 69), and exon 5 C1274T (Asp388/Asp, N = 2). Four SNPs were identified in intron 4 only. In the control population, the prevalence of the variants Leu148 and Thr156 was 14% each. Glu178 was 11%, while no variants were found in exon 5. In ESRD patients, the prevalence of the variant Leu148 was 9%, and Thr156 was 8%. Glu178 was 13%, while the Asp388 variant was 0.7%. In patients with a short duration between the time of diagnosis of the renal disease and the onset of ESRD, the prevalence of the Leu148 and Glu178 variants was higher than in subjects with slowly progressing renal disease. The 11betaHSD2 activity of all of these SNPs is predictably unaltered.

There is a high prevalence of SNPs of the HSD11B2 gene, without causing exonic mutations generating a 11betaHSD2 enzyme with altered activity. Based on statistical analyses, the frequency of homozygosity for mutated alleles of the HSD11B2 gene can be derived as <1/250,000 when a Caucasian population is considered.