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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
Published on: January 27, 2010
Psychosocial factors and risk of pain and disability
T Proctor1, R J Gatchel, R C Robinson
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75235-9044, USA.
Abstract:
This article reviews the research on the risk of pain and disability due to psychosocial variables. Variables such as general distress, psychopathology, depression, abuse, and catastrophizing are discussed in relation to the risk of disability. Ways to conceptualize the complex relationships among pain, disability, and several psychosocial variables are also explored. In addition, the identification of adaptive and of protective ways to manage pain and decrease the risk of disability is highlighted. Finally, the authors recommend areas for future research.
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