Pain as a mutual experience for patients, nurses and families: a perspective from New York

New York was unique among the cities included in this study. The most striking finding was that the self-described ethnic background of both nurses and patients was so varied. Many patients and nurses were born elsewhere and were nonnative speakers. The results cannot be described as cross-countries when so many nations are represented. Multinational is, perhaps, a more accurate description, but even that seems inadequate to describe a population as diverse as was this one.