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Structure, function, and control of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C.

M J Rebecchi1, S N Pentyala

  • 1Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. Rebecchi@epo.sunysb.edu

Physiological Reviews
|October 4, 2000
PubMed
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Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes are crucial for cell signaling. Recent research reveals specific roles for PLC subtypes in cellular responses and development across various organisms.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes are key phosphodiesterases.
  • They cleave inositol lipids, generating essential second messengers: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol.
  • PLCs are activated by various cell surface receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in understanding PLC subtypes (beta, gamma, delta).
  • To discuss their molecular regulation and biological functions across diverse organisms.
  • To highlight specific roles in cell signaling and development.

Main Methods:

  • Crystallographic studies of PLC-delta(1) for structural insights.
  • Cellular studies to uncover PLC activity regulation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Genetic studies in yeast, slime molds, plants, flies, and mammals.

    • Main Results:

    • New insights into PLC multidomain arrangement and catalytic mechanisms.
    • Identification of novel modes for controlling PLC activity.
    • Demonstration of coordinated action among PLC isoforms in cellular responses.

    Conclusions:

    • PLC isoforms have specific and conditional roles in cell signaling and development.
    • Understanding PLC function is critical for deciphering complex cellular processes.
    • Further research across species will elucidate precise biological functions.