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Related Experiment Videos

Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion.

M E Freeman1, B Kanyicska, A Lerant

  • 1Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4340, USA. freeman@neuro.fsu.edu

Physiological Reviews
|October 4, 2000
PubMed
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Prolactin is a versatile hormone with diverse roles beyond lactation. This review explores its complex functions, regulation, and multiple forms, highlighting ongoing research and controversies in prolactin studies.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Prolactin, a protein hormone from the anterior pituitary, was initially linked solely to lactation.
  • Recent findings reveal prolactin's complexity, including diverse posttranslational forms and synthesis beyond the pituitary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the current understanding of prolactin's function and regulation.
  • To highlight existing controversies and emerging research areas concerning prolactin.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on prolactin.
  • Synthesis of data on prolactin's chemical modifications, synthesis sites, and biological actions.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms, including stimulatory and inhibitory factors.

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Main Results:

  • Prolactin exists in multiple posttranslational forms (size variants, phosphorylation, glycosylation).
  • Prolactin is synthesized in various tissues, including the CNS, immune system, uterus, and mammary gland.
  • Prolactin influences reproduction, behavior, and homeostasis, with diverse releasing stimuli (light, stress, nursing).

Conclusions:

  • Prolactin's functions extend far beyond lactation, impacting numerous physiological processes.
  • Understanding prolactin's complex regulation involves multiple central and peripheral factors.
  • Further research is needed to resolve existing controversies surrounding prolactin's multifaceted roles.