[Transcatheter arterial embolization for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma--indications and limitations]

Many patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in stage IV have no surgical indications. Transcatheter methods such as transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy play a main role of the treatment for advanced HCC. Conventional TAE (from proper hepatic artery) is performed for patients without liver dysfunction. Patients with severe liver dysfunction could not in the past be treated with TAE, but lately it has become possible to treat them with the method of segmental TAE or subsegmental TAE due to the development of a microcatheter and advances in equipment. Although technical progress is remarkable, there are no fixed guidelines for advanced HCC. Suitable methods for individuals need to be discussed.