[Immunomodulation of pain]
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Updated: Oct 11, 2026

Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management
Published on: March 28, 2025
1Katedra i Zakład Anatomii Prawidłowej Akademii Medycznej im. K. Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu.
Abstract:
Review of the interacting elements of nociceptive, neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems with a stress on sympathetic innervation of the lymphoid organs. Special attention is given to dysfunctions within the nociceptive, neuroendocrine and immune systems due to: damage to the: 1) afferent fibers; 2) sympatho-adrenal system; 3) structure of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. The role of peripheral immunocytes in the generation of pain, including local cytokines, opioids and CRF is also discussed.
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