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A comparison between BMI and Conicity index on predicting coronary heart disease: the Framingham Heart Study
K S Kim1, W L Owen, D Williams
1Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20060, USA.
Insights
Obesity, measured by Body Mass Index (BMI), significantly increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence in both men and women, and CHD mortality in women. The Conicity Index (CI) did not show a similar association with CHD risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Obesity Research
Background:
- Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
- Assessing obesity through Body Mass Index (BMI) and Conicity Index (CI) are common methods.
- Understanding the differential impact of these indices on CHD risk is crucial for preventative strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Conicity Index (CI) with the incidence and mortality of coronary heart disease (CHD).
- To determine which anthropometric measure, BMI or CI, serves as a better predictor for CHD outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from 5209 participants in the Framingham Heart Study.
- Calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI) and Conicity Index (CI) using anthropometric measurements.
- Longitudinal follow-up for 24 years to track CHD incidence and mortality, adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors.
Main Results:
- Elevated BMI was associated with a significantly higher risk of CHD incidence in both men and women.
- Women with the highest BMI quartile faced an 86% increased risk of CHD-related death compared to the lowest quartile.
- No significant associations were found between Conicity Index (CI) quartiles and either CHD incidence or mortality.
Conclusions:
- Obesity, as indicated by BMI, is a significant risk factor for developing coronary heart disease and for CHD-related mortality, particularly in women.
- The Conicity Index (CI) is not a reliable predictor of CHD incidence or mortality.
- Body Mass Index (BMI) is a more effective anthropometric marker than CI for predicting coronary heart disease outcomes.
Purpose:
This study examined the relationship of mortality and morbidity of coronary heart disease with body mass index (BMI) and Conicity index (CI).
Methods:
Among 5209 Framingham Heart Study participants, 1882 men and 2373 women had waist and weight measurement at the 4th examination period and height measured on the 5th visit. These were used for BMI and CI.
Results:
During a 24-year follow-up, 597 men and 468 women developed CHD and 248 men and 150 women died from CHD associated causes. In men the relative risks (RR) (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, and total cholesterol for CHD incidence in 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles of BMI were 1.28 (1.0, 1.65), 1.45 (1.13, 1.86), and 1.53 (1.19, 1.96). The RR for CHD incidence in the 4th quartile of BMI in women was 1.56 (1.16, 2.08). No CI quartiles were risk factors for CHD incidence. There was 86% higher risk of CHD related death in the 4th quartile of BMI than the 1st quartile of BMI in women. In men no significantly higher risks of death were found across the quartiles of BMI. No associations were found between CI quartiles and CHD mortality.
Conclusions:
Obesity as measured by BMI is an important risk factor for CHD incidence in men and women and for CHD mortality in women. CI was not associated with an increase in CHD incidence or mortality. Thus, BMI is a better marker than CI for predicting CHD incidence and mortality.