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Directed current due to broken time-space symmetry

Flach1, Yevtushenko, Zolotaryuk

  • 1Max-Planck-Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nothnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|October 6, 2000
PubMed
Summary

An asymmetric time-periodic field can drive particle motion in a periodic potential, creating a directed current from an initially stationary ensemble. Dissipation preserves this directed motion.

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Area of Science:

  • Classical dynamics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Nonlinear dynamics

Background:

  • Particle dynamics in periodic potentials are fundamental to solid-state physics.
  • Time-dependent external fields can induce complex behaviors, including directed motion.
  • Symmetry breaking is a key concept in understanding emergent phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence of directed particle currents in a one-dimensional system.
  • To analyze the role of symmetry and asymmetry in the driving field.
  • To explore the impact of dissipation on directed motion.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of classical particle dynamics in a space-periodic potential.
  • Application of perturbation theory to understand the effect of the external field.
  • Inclusion of dissipation (friction) to study system attractors.

Main Results:

  • An ensemble of particles initially at rest develops a finite, non-zero current over time.
  • This directed current arises when the external time-periodic field lacks specific symmetries (time-reversal or spatial inversion).
  • Dissipation leads to attractors that maintain broken symmetry, sustaining directed currents.

Conclusions:

  • Asymmetry in the driving field is crucial for generating directed currents from symmetric initial conditions.
  • The system exhibits a transition from chaotic motion to directed motion due to field asymmetry.
  • Dissipation does not eliminate but rather stabilizes the directed motion, highlighting its robustness.

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