Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Characterization of Complex Systems Using the Design of Experiments Approach: Transient Protein Expression in Tobacco as a Case Study
Published on: January 31, 2014
Highly optimized tolerance: robustness and design in complex systems
1Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
Abstract:
Highly optimized tolerance (HOT) is a mechanism that relates evolving structure to power laws in interconnected systems. HOT systems arise where design and evolution create complex systems sharing common features, including (1) high efficiency, performance, and robustness to designed-for uncertainties, (2) hypersensitivity to design flaws and unanticipated perturbations, (3) nongeneric, specialized, structured configurations, and (4) power laws. We study the impact of incorporating increasing levels of design and find that even small amounts of design lead to HOT states in percolation.
Related Concept Videos
Design Consideration
The factor of safety is another key aspect...
Control Systems
At the heart...
Feedback control systems
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
Controller Configurations
Control-system compensation involves various configurations, most commonly series or cascade compensation, in which the controller aligns...
Bioreactor Design and Operational System
Methods of Medium Optimization

