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Related Experiment Videos

Structures of high-density and low-density water

Soper1, Ricci

  • 1ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|October 6, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Neutron diffraction reveals water transforms continuously under pressure. Increasing pressure changes water from an open, tetrahedral structure to a high-density form with broken hydrogen bonds.

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The electrophilic amination of carbanions: an unconventional new entry to C-N bond formation

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2000

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Water exhibits complex structural behavior under varying conditions.
  • Understanding water's phase transitions is crucial for many scientific disciplines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural changes in water under pressure at a low temperature.
  • To characterize the transformation from low-density to high-density water using neutron diffraction.

Main Methods:

  • Neutron diffraction was employed to measure three site-site partial structure factors of water.
  • Experiments were conducted at a constant temperature of 268 K and varying pressures.

Main Results:

  • A continuous structural transformation was observed with increasing pressure.
  • Low-density water (approx. 0.0295 molecules/A^3) with a tetrahedral structure transitions to high-density water (approx. 0.0402 molecules/A^3).
  • The high-density form exhibits non-tetrahedral O-O-O angles and a collapsed second coordination shell, indicating broken hydrogen bonds.

Conclusions:

  • Increasing pressure induces a continuous structural change in water, not a sharp phase transition.
  • Hydrogen bond integrity is compromised in high-density water under pressure.
  • The study provides detailed structural insights into water's behavior under pressure.

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