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Updated: Jul 29, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
Published on: January 9, 2014
Collective multielectron tunneling ionization in strong fields
1Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short-Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
Abstract:
We investigate the quantum mechanical process of two-electron tunneling in strong external electric fields. Numerical solution of a two-electron s-wave model reveals the existence of collective tunneling ionization in a mode where both electrons stay at equal distance from the nucleus. Otherwise the lagging electron is immediately recaptured. The corresponding double ionization rate fails to explain nonsequential multiple ionization in strong-field laser experiments. However, an empirically modified version of the analytical one-electron tunneling rate of Ammosov, Delone, and Krainov agrees with the experiments to a surprising accuracy. The reason for this agreement is presently unknown.
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