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Related Experiment Videos

Collective multielectron tunneling ionization in strong fields

Eichmann1, Dorr, Maeda

  • 1Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short-Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|October 6, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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We studied two-electron tunneling in electric fields. A model showed collective tunneling, but this doesn't explain experiments. An adjusted one-electron model surprisingly matches experimental data on strong-field laser ionization.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Atomic physics
  • Strong-field physics

Background:

  • Two-electron tunneling is crucial for understanding atomic ionization in strong fields.
  • Existing models struggle to fully explain experimental observations of nonsequential multiple ionization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the quantum mechanical process of two-electron tunneling.
  • Analyze the behavior of electrons in strong external electric fields.
  • Reconcile theoretical models with experimental findings in strong-field laser ionization.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical solution of a two-electron s-wave model.
  • Analysis of electron dynamics concerning nuclear distance.
  • Comparison of theoretical tunneling rates with experimental data.

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Main Results:

  • Identified collective two-electron tunneling where electrons maintain equal nuclear distance.
  • Observed immediate electron recapture when electrons are at unequal distances.
  • Found that the calculated double ionization rate does not explain experimental nonsequential multiple ionization.
  • An empirically modified one-electron tunneling rate (Ammosov, Delone, Krainov) shows surprising agreement with experimental results.

Conclusions:

  • Collective tunneling is a distinct process but insufficient for explaining experimental ionization.
  • The success of the modified one-electron model in describing complex phenomena remains unexplained.
  • Further theoretical work is needed to understand the discrepancy between two-electron models and experimental outcomes.