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NADPH oxidase: a universal oxygen sensor?

R D Jones1, J T Hancock, A H Morice

  • 1Section of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Department of Medicine, The University of Hull, Hull, UK. r.d.jones@medschool.hull.ac.uk

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|October 6, 2000
PubMed
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NADPH oxidase, an enzyme in neutrophils, also functions in other cells. It plays a role in oxygen sensing for processes like hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and gene expression.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • NADPH oxidase is primarily known as a key enzyme in neutrophils, crucial for reactive oxygen species production.
  • Recent findings reveal NADPH oxidase-like enzymes in non-neutrophil cells, suggesting broader roles in oxygen-sensitive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the role of NADPH oxidase in oxygen sensing mechanisms.
  • To explore its involvement in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, vascular smooth muscle proliferation, chemoreceptor activation, and erythropoietin gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on NADPH oxidase and oxygen sensing.
  • Analysis of research on NADPH oxidase-like enzymes in various cell types and organisms.

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Main Results:

  • NADPH oxidase and its variants are implicated in diverse oxygen-sensing pathways beyond neutrophils.
  • Evidence suggests a role in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, systemic vascular responses, and chemoreception.
  • Potential involvement in erythropoietin regulation and plant cell responses to oxygen is also discussed.

Conclusions:

  • NADPH oxidase is a significant player in cellular oxygen sensing across different physiological contexts.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of NADPH oxidase in oxygen-related processes.