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Genetically caused retarded growth in animals.

P Sellier1

  • 1INRA, Station de Génétique quantitative et appliquée, F-78352, Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France. sellier@athena.paris.inra.fr

Domestic Animal Endocrinology
|October 12, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Animal growth is controlled by the somatotropic axis and genetics. Growth disturbances can result from single gene defects or polygenic traits influenced by inbreeding and maternal effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal physiology
  • Genetics
  • Quantitative trait genetics

Background:

  • The somatotropic axis is crucial for regulating animal growth.
  • Growth disturbances can arise from mutations in genes encoding hormones or their receptors.
  • Growth rate is a complex trait influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological pathways regulating animal growth.
  • To discuss genetic factors contributing to growth disturbances.
  • To explore the influence of quantitative genetics and selection on growth rate.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on animal growth regulation.
  • Analysis of identified genetic mutations affecting growth in various species.
  • Examination of selection experiments and their impact on growth traits.

Main Results:

  • Single gene defects in somatotropic axis components cause severe growth disorders (e.g., dwarfism in chickens, Laron-type dwarfism in humans, 'little' mutation in mice).
  • Growth rate is a polygenic trait with moderate heritability (around 0.30).
  • Prenatal and postnatal maternal effects, as well as increased inbreeding, negatively impact growth rate.
  • Divergent selection experiments demonstrate effectiveness in altering growth rate, though responses can be asymmetrical and physiological changes vary.

Conclusions:

  • Animal growth is a complex process influenced by both major genes and polygenic inheritance.
  • Understanding genetic and environmental factors is key to managing growth and addressing disturbances.
  • Selection experiments provide insights into the genetic architecture of growth but highlight the complexity of physiological adaptations.

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